Temperature distribution patterns of a steel beam with fire protection from gypsum board during fire

Zaika Nataliia

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-5709

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-2

Keywords: modeling, standard fire temperature regime, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, fire protection, plasterboard

Аnnotation

The article examines the temperature distribution in steel beams from the HEB 200 profile with fire protection in the form of plasterboard plates under the influence of the standard fire temperature regime. The calculation was carried out in the ANSYS WB software package to determine the dependence of the temperature in the steel structure on the time of exposure to fire. The model allows for a detailed assessment of heat transfer in materials with different thermophysical characteristics, in particular, variable heat capacity and thermal conductivity of steel and plasterboard. The use of plasterboard as a fire-resistant coating is justified by its ability to slow down the heating of steel. This approach makes it possible to significantly increase the fire resistance of steel structures while maintaining their mechanical integrity. The obtained results showed that the maximum temperature in a steel beam with plasterboard fire protection does not exceed 443 °С even with a duration of fire exposure of 60 minutes, which assumes compliance with the fire resistance class R60. The constructed graph of the dependence of the maximum temperature on the time of exposure to fire confirmed the effectiveness of fire protection with plasterboard and the high accuracy of the approximation of the model (the coefficient of de-termination R²=0.9923), which indicates the reliability of the results. The proposed model and approach can be used to assess the fire resistance of other steel structural elements, in particular, to select optimal fire-resistant materials. The research is relevant in the context of the development of cost-effective and effective methods of protecting building structures from the effects of high fire temperatures. The method of modeling fire protection in steel beams provides an opportunity to determine the temperature regimes that occur in real fire conditions, and to develop recommendations for increasing the fire resistance of steel structures, especially in modern buildings, where the optimization of material and resource costs is important.

References

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Use of fire- and vibration-protective mastics in railway transport

Skripinets Anna

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-8303

Saienko Natalia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5316

Hryhorenko Oleksandr

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-1010

Afanasenko Kostiantyn

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-1551

Makarenko Olga

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-2365

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-20

Keywords: epoxyurethane mastic, viscoelastic researches, damping, fire safety, toxicity, railway transport

Аnnotation

A difficult combustible epoxyurethane mastic with increased vibration-damping properties and the necessary physical and mechanical properties has been developed for lining internal metal surfaces of railway rolling stock. Epoxyurethane network polymers were used as a polymer matrix. To reduce flammability, the fire-retardant additive ammonium polyphosphate was used, and a filler with a hydrophobized surface was used to impart thixotropic properties Aerosil. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy using a dynamic relaxometer was used as a method for studying viscoelastic properties. The study of viscoelastic properties was carried out in the ultra-low frequency range of 0.7–1.0 Hz, which minimizes the effect of external mechanical influences on changes in the structure of the polymer matrix in the temperature range from –100 to +100 °C. It has been determined that compositions based on oligester cyclo-cab modified with an epoxy diane oligomer are characterized by the best damping capacity (tgδ=0.97). It has been established that the developed mastic composition containing a fire retardant and thixotropic additive has the highest damping capacity (tgδ=0.45–0.47) in the highly elastic region; this composition can be used as a vibration-absorbing material, operable at temperatures from –60 °C up to +60 °C. It has been established that the developed mastic belongs to the group of difficult combustible materials, with slow flame propagation, moderate smoke generating ability and are moderately hazardous in terms of toxicity. The achieved level of characteristics of the difficult combustible vibration damping mastic testifies about the prospects of its further use for facing the internal metal surfaces of bodies of railway rolling stock in order to ensure their fire safety and acoustic comfort.

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Development of the mathematical model of the magneto-contact thermal fire alarm

Durieiev Viacheslav

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-6779

Khrystych Valerii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-7042

Bondarenko Serhiy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-1763

Antoshkin Oleksiy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-2030

Maliarov Murat

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-7128

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-1

Keywords: fire detector, sensitive element, mathematical model, inertia, activation time, activation temperature

Аnnotation

Mathematical models of a fire detector have been developed taking into account the dependence of the magnetization of the contacts of the sensitive element on the temperature and the parameters of the contact material. The obtained equations of the dynamics of the SP take into account the type and structure of the materials of the contact elements of the ЧЭ and the dependence of their magnetization on the temperature and correspond to the inertial positional link of the first order, written in relative variables with constant coefficients. As a result of studying the current literature, the characteristics of the material of the magnetic contacts have been taken into account in the models to determine its optimal dynamic parameters. The mathematical model of the detector is a system of equations consisting of the heat balance equation under conditions of non-stationary heat exchange with the assumption of uniform heating of the contacts of the sensitive element over the entire depth. The second is the equation of the relationship between the magnetization of contacts soldered in a reed switch and temperature. The obtained detector dynamics equations take into account the type and structure of the materials of the contact elements and the dependence of their magnetization on temperature and correspond to the inertial positional link of the first order. The variables of the equations are relative to the linearization point, with constant coefficients. The equations allow to study the detector operation parameters with the principle of the dependence of magnetic induction on temperature. The dynamics equations allow to study the dynamic parameters of the operation of thermal fire detectors, the relative error of the results does not exceed 5 %. The obtained results of the simulation of the fire detector operation confirm the correctness of the chosen hypothesis, and the determined parameters of the fire detector operation coincide with the experimental data. The results of the conducted studies allow to provide recommendations on the selection of the detector operation parameters, which will improve the quality of their operation: static and dynamic operation temperatures, inertia, operation time.

References

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Silicophosphate fireproof coatings for building materials

Lysak Nataliia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-4704

Skorodumova Olga

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

Chernukha Anton

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3205

Goncharenko Yana

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-3244

Melezhyk Roman

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-4147

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-19

Keywords: fire-resistant coatings, building materials, liquid glass, SiO₂ sol, phosphate buffer solution, fire resistance

Аnnotation

The composition of silicophosphate fire-resistant coatings for wooden building structures was developed and their properties were investigated. Fireproof compositions were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of liquid glass and acetic acid. As a phosphate-containing additive, phosphate buffer solutions were used, which were added to the silicic acid sol in different amounts and with different ratios of the components of the buffer pair. Adjusting the ratio of the components of the buffer solution led to a change in the pH of the buffer solutions, but adding them to the sol did not change its acidity, which was in the pH range of 5.5–6. The effect of the content and ratio of the components of the buffer pair on the change in the optical density of the obtained sols over time was studied. The highest durability of the flame retardant composition was recorded when using a buffer solution with a pH of 7 at a content of 20%. The embedding of phosphate ions into the siloxane framework of experimental gels has been chemically proven, which increases their fire resistance. It is shown that the amount of free phosphate anion in the intermicellar liquid of the experimental gels is less than 5%. The mechanism of the strengthening effect of the acetate buffer solution, which is formed during the mixing of the liquid glass solution with acetic acid, on the phosphate buffer solution is proposed. Fire-retardant compositions were applied to wood samples by the bath method and dried at temperatures of 80–100 ˚С in a drying cabinet. The fire protection effect of coatings was determined during fire tests in a ceramic pipe. The effect of the content of phosphate buffer solution on the fire-retardant properties of experimental coatings was studied. It is shown that increasing the content of the phosphate buffer solution reduces mass loss during fire tests, allows to increase the fire resistance of wood and transfer it to the group of "highly flammable".

References

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