Measuring complex for determining the efficiency of fire extinguishing equipment with fine spray water

Dubinin Dmytro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-5240

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-12

Keywords: measuring complex, finely sprayed water, internal fire, efficiency, technical means of fire extinguishing

Аnnotation

The work presents and substantiates the design and operation mode of the measuring complex for determining the effectiveness of technical means of fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water. The measuring complex consists of 5 integrated humidity and temperature sensors, an information processing unit with a memory card and a power supply unit. The sensors are connected to the information processing unit (display driver board and sd card slot), which allows you to process and record the received information on a memory card. The measuring complex is powered by a laptop or power bank connected to the information processing unit. Processing of measurement results is carried out using computing equipment (laptop, tablet, etc.) with the pre-installed WPS Office or Microsoft Office program. Information is read from the sensors every second, and the total measurement time is limited by the memory card. The error of humidity and temperature measurements by the developed complex is determined based on the measurement error of the sensors used. For measurements, a scheme is proposed where the sensors are placed at different heights and distances from the center of the internal fire. Due to the use of the measuring complex, temperature and humidity indicators are measured when determining the effectiveness of modern technical means of fire extinguishing with fine spray, which ensure minimal consumption of extinguishing agent, mobility and have a simple design. By evaluating the efficiency of technical means of fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water, their scope of use is determined, and due to their mobility and autonomy, the level of safety of the personnel of fire and rescue units during fire extinguishing, including in the conditions of combat operations, will be increased.

References

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Regularities of blame in great and middle populations of Ukrain

Kovalenko Roman

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7601

Kalynovskyi Andrii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5799

Nazarenko Sergii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-0335

Zhuravskij Maxim

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-8600

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-10

Keywords: fire, martial law, statistical hypothesis, law of distribution, emergency and rescue formation, Pearson’s test

Аnnotation

The process of fire occurrence in settlements of Ukraine with a population of 50 to 500 thousand people for the period from 2021 to 2023 was studied. The statistical hypothesis that the process of fire occurrence in settlements can be described by statistical laws was tested. It was established that the process of fire occurrence in large and medium-sized settlements of Ukraine in most cases can be described by statistical laws. It was found that for the period of 2021, the process of fire occurrence could be described by Poisson and geometric distribution laws, which in percentage terms is 44 % and 58 % of cases, respectively. There were also cases when, for individual settlements, the specified process could be described by two distribution laws at once, which in percentage terms is 26 % of cases and is not sufficiently clear. It was not possible to establish a single distribution law for 24 % of the studied settlements. For the period of 2022 and 2023, the process of fire occurrence could be described by Poisson, a geometric and exponential distribution law, which in percentage terms for the period of 2022 is 36 %, 64 % and 6 % of cases, and for the period of 2023 – 36 %, 58 % and 2 % of cases, respectively. The number of cases when the mentioned process could be described at once by several distribution laws for the period of 2022 is 24 %, and for the period of 2023 – 16 %. It was not possible to establish any distribution law for the period of 2022 for 20 % of the studied settlements, and for the period of 2023 this indicator was also 20 %. In the future, it is planned to investigate the level of reliability of forecasts of the number of fires when using known forecasting methods during martial law.

References

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Specified method of assessing the fire resistance of ribbed plates by loss of integrity

Sidnei Stanislav

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-6620

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-11

Keywords: dangerous fire factors, fire resistance, ribbed slabs, through cracks, integrity, modeling

Аnnotation

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the immersion capacity of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs at the borderline stage of loss of integrity. EN 1992-1-2 has daily diversification methods for determining the limits and class of immersiveness of reinforced concrete slabs at the limiting point of loss of integrity (E). The scientific work is aimed at directly tracking the concentration of the two boundary conditions of the immersive capacity: non-bearing capacity (R) and thermal insulation capacity (I). Experimental testing is subject to criticism due to the difficulties of fixing the sign of the onset of the borderline stage of loss of integrity, despite the need to control the unheated surface of the ribbed slab after an hour. in the case of mechanical engineering. Even the methodology for carrying out destructuring before assessing the absorbency of reinforced-concrete ribbed slabs behind the boundary mill station loses no integ-rity. In order to ensure the safe evacuation of people in the event of a fire, the protection of more or unsafe officials, as well as the effective work of the military personnel, it is necessary to stagnate the civil servants design with guaranteed immersion resistance classes. The results of the most important thermal and static problems are presented, which are related to the distribution of temperature and the stress-deformation process of a ribbed plate. Carrying out research into the ingressivity of reinforced-concrete ribbed slabs with the protection of the boundary mill at the loss of integrity has made it possible to establish the deposits between the insulation of these structures at a loss integrity depending on the level of applied mechanical strength. Removing the laying schedule makes it possible to evaluate reinforced concrete ribbed slabs based on the criterion of the moment of the boundary stage of loss of integrity, which makes it possible to evaluate more objectively the immersiveness of such future constructions.

References

1. Nilimaa, J. (2023). Smart materials and technologies for sustainable concrete construction. Developments in the Built Environment, 15, 100177. doi: 10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100177
2. State Enterprise "UkrNDICZ". (2016). Fire safety of construction sites. General requirements: DBN B.1.1-7:2016 [Effective from 01.06.2017]. Kyiv: SE "UkrNDICZ".
3. State Enterprise "State Research Institute of Building Structures". (2013). Design of reinforced concrete structures. Part 1-2. General provisions. Calculation of structures for fire resistance (EN 1992-1-2:2004, IDT). Amendment No. 1: DSTU-N B EN 1992-1-2:2012 Eurocode 2 [Effective from 01.07.2014]. Kyiv: SE "State Research Institute of Building Structures".
4. Sidnei, S., Nekora, О., Rudeshko, I., Berezovskyi, A., Kostenko, T., Ishchenko, I. (2023). Research on fire resistance of reinforced concrete ribbed slab. Emergencies: Prevention and Elimination, 7(2), 217–226. doi: 10.31731/
   2636.2023.7.2.217.226
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6. Renkas, A. A. (2019). Ensuring fire resistance of reinforced concrete hollow-core slabs using sheet building materials. Collection of Scientific Works Fire Safety of Lviv State University of Life Safety, 34, 72–77. doi: 10.32447/20786662.34.2019.12
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10. Sidnei, S., Myroshnyk, O., Kovalov, A., Veselivskyi, R., Hryhorenko, K., Shnal, T., Matsyk, I. (2024). Identifying the evolution of through cracks in iron-reinforced hollow slabs under the influence of a standard fire temperature mode. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 4(7), 70–77. doi: 10.15587/1729-4061.2024.310520
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Results of the heating of reinforced concrete slabs with a corrugated profile during the thermal effect of fire

Stepanenko Vitalii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0839-197X

Nuianzin Oleksandr

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-6073

Perehin Alina

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-5537

Kryshtal Dmitro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-3244

Kopytin Dmitro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2505-9394

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-9

Keywords: experiment, fire, fragment, furnace, reinforced concrete, steel, steel-reinforced concrete, stove, temperature, reproducibility

Аnnotation

Three experiments were conducted on heating fragments of reinforced concrete slabs with a corrugated profile in a small-sized installation and the results of the thermal effect of fire at control points were analyzed for the possibility of their use when assessing the fire resistance of the specified building structures. The methodology and results of experiments on heating frag-ments of reinforced concrete slabs with a corrugated profile and the study of the temperature on heated and unheated surfaces, in the reinforcement layer and at control points were substantiated. Conducting the above-mentioned experiments in a small-sized installation for the study of the thermal effect of fire on building structures without mechanical load consisted in the effect of the standard temperature regime of fire with one-sided heating. To measure the temperature in the furnace and in the investigated fragments, thermocouples were used, which can be used to measure temperatures in the range from 0 to 1300 ℃ and thermistors to measure temperatures in the range from -30 to 300 ℃. According to the conducted experiment, there was a uniform distribution of temperatures on the heating surface of the studied small fragment, the maximum temperature reached was 760 ℃. Maximum temperatures: at control points it was 145 ̊℃; on the unheated surface it was 45 ℃, and at the level of the armature – 350 ℃. Studies are limited to 60 minutes, since the temperature can then approach the stationary one. The adequacy of the experimental data was confirmed: the relative deviation did not exceed 4.1 %, and the calculated adequacy criteria (Fisher, Student and Cochrane) were below the critical value. The initial data of the experimental study can serve as the basis for reproducing the temperature field inside the slab.

References

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