Scientific Journal Problems of Emergency Situations

On the basis of earlier studies, crushed foam glass with a granule size of 1–1.5 cm was chosen as a light loose material that ensures the buoyancy of the entire system. As a loose material that increases the insulating properties of the fire extinguishing system, expanded perlite with a granule size of 1 was used 1–1.4 mm. A pneumatic ejection device was developed and manufactured for feeding granular expanded perlite. A study was also conducted on extinguishing a standard model fire "8B" with additional application of sprayed water to the surface of the binary layer of foam glass + perlite. It has been established that supplying water allows to reduce the consumption of swollen perlite by two times. It is shown that wetting a layer of perlite with water significantly increases the insulating properties of such a layer and provides a high cooling capacity of the entire fire extinguishing system based on light loose materials. On the basis of economic calculations, it is shown that the use of water for wetting the upper layer makes it possible to reduce the financial costs required for fire-extinguishing substances. It was established that the financial costs of fire-extinguishing substances of the system crushed foam glass + expanded perlite + sprayed water with specific surface consumption of the components 10.5 kg/m², 1.98 kg/m² and 2 kg/m² amount to 184 UAH/m². According to this parameter, this fire extinguishing system has a significant advantage compared to foam glass + gel systems and air-mechanical foams. A comparison was made with the results of extinguishing gasoline on model fires of small sizes. On the basis of the environmental assessment of the proposed fire extinguishing system, its advantages in terms of this parameter are shown in comparison with existing means of extinguishing flammable liquids. The issue of introducing the proposed fire extinguishing system into the practice of fire extinguishing of large tanks with flammable liquids was considered.

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Justification of standards for evaluating operational performance in armor protection means

Beliuchenko Dmytro

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-2019

Strelets Victor

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-1195

Lutsenko Tatiana

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4548

Korchahin Pavlo

State Emergency Service of Ukraine in Lugansk region

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-4126-1781

Malovyk Ighor

Department for the Prevention of Emergency Situations

of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-2319-9730

Rebrov Oleksandr

State Emergency Service of Ukraine in Rivne region

http://orcid.org/0009-0005-6654-7863

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-2

Keywords: standard, operational deployment, fire and rescue vehicle, armor protection

Аnnotation

A scientific and methodological apparatus has been developed to substantiate standards for assessing the level of preparedness of fire-rescuers for the rapid deployment of fire-rescue vehicles in protective equipment with armor protection equipment, and standard assessments for standard options have been determined. For this purpose, the existing statistical method for substantiating the standards was improved by determining the weighted average estimates of the probabilities of the time of operational deployment in armor protection equipment falling within the intervals between the standards. This made it possible to take into account the diversity of expert opinions on this matter, which had not previously been taken into account. It has been established that in order to substantiate the required normative estimates, it is necessary to determine the inverse function of the standard normal distribution, taking into account its parameters (mathematical expectation and standard deviation of the time of implementation of the corresponding operational deployment), and estimates of the probability of obtaining the corresponding estimates in the form of weighted average estimates of the corresponding shares (frequencies) of all. possible results that fall within the intervals between (before, after) the required normative estimates. In accordance with the developed method, standards have been substantiated for assessing the level of preparedness of fire-rescuers to supply two fire trunks with the laying of a main line d=77 mm on three hoses and two working lines d=51 mm on two hoses with the installation of a fire-rescue vehicle on a fire hydrant , as well as to assess the level of preparedness for supplying a portable fire monitor with the laying of two main lines into three hoses d=77 mm with the installation of a fire and rescue vehicle on a fire hydrant. Their implementation will help eliminate the contradiction between the conditions for the use of fire and rescue vehicles, for which existing standards were developed, and modern conditions, when it is necessary to work in conditions of possible combat defeat.

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Важкогорюча віброзахисна мастика для залізничного рухомого складу

Скрипинець Анна Василівна

Харківський національний університет міського

господарства імені О.М. Бекетова

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-8303

Саєнко Наталія Вячеславівна

Національний університет цивільного захисту України

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5316

Григоренко Олександр Миколайович

Національний університет цивільного захисту України

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-1010

Афанасенко Костянтин Анатолійович

Національний університет цивільного захисту України

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-1551

Макаренко Ольга Валеріївна

Харківський національний університет міського

господарства імені О.М. Бекетова

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-2365

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-20

Ключові слова: епоксиуретанова мастика, в’язкопружні дослідження, демпфування, пожежна безпека, токсичність, залізничний рухомий склад

Анотація

Розроблено важкогорючу епоксиуретанову мастику з підвищеними вібродемпфуючими властивостями та необхідними фізико-механічними властивостями для облицювання внутрішніх металевих поверхонь рухомого складу залізничного транспорту. В якості полімерної матриці використовували епоксиуретанові сітчасті полімери. Для зниження горючості використовували вогнезахисну добавку поліфосфат амонію, для надання тиксотропних властивостей – наповнювач із гідрофобізованою поверхнею Аеросил. Як метод дослідження в’язкопружних властивостей застосовували динамічну механічну спектроскопію, за допомогою динамічного релаксометра. Вивчення в’язкопружних властивостей проводили в області ультра низьких частот 0,7–1,0 Гц, що мінімізує дію зовнішніх механічних впливів на зміну структури полімерної матриці в температурному інтервалі від –100 °С до +100 °С. Визначено, що склади на основі олігоефірциклокарбонату, модифікованого епоксидіановим олігомером характеризуються кращими показниками демпфуючої здатності (tgδ=0,97). Встановлено, що розроблена мастична композиція із вмістом антипірену та тиксотропної добавки має найбільші значення демпфуючої здатності (tgδ=0,45–0,47) у високоеластичній області, даний склад може бути використаний як вібропоглинаючий матеріал, працездатний при температурі від –60 °С до +60 °С. В результаті комплексної оцінки пожежної небезпеки було встановлено, що розроблена мастика відноситься до групи вогнехахисних матеріалів з повільним поширенням полум’я, володіє помірною димоутворювальною здатністю і відноситься до категорії помірнонебезпечних матеріалів з точки зору токсичності. Досягнутий рівень характеристик розробленої важкогорючої вібропоглинаючої мастики вказує на перспективу подальшого використання її для облицювання внутрішньої металевої поверхні кузова залізничного рухомого складу з метою забезпечення пожежної безпеки та акустичного комфорту.

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Nonlinearities correlation of n-alkanes and n-alcohols physicochemical properties

Tregubov Dmytro

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-822X

Trefilova Larisa

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9061-4206

Minska Natalya

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8438-0618

Hapon Yuliana

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-5657

Sokolov Dmitry

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-6577

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-1

Keywords: n-alcohols, n-alkanes, physicochemical properties, cluster, model, nonlinearity, calculation convergence

Аnnotation

Correspondences between the changes nonlinearity in substance physico-chemical parameters and the influence mechanisms on them by the substance supramolecular structure in the calculated dependencies form for n-alkanes and n-alcohols was established. Similarity, change features and correlation between such parameters as melting point, boiling point, flash point, self-ignition, density, solubility in water, viscosity, vaporization heat, surface tension were investigated. The paper obtained 14 calculated dependencies that calculate these parameters on the established similarity basis between them and the lengths of the molecule or cluster with sufficient correlation coefficients. For viscosity, vaporization heat and surface tension, change general dependences are established, but without taking into account oscillatory deviations. Calculated dependences between substance characteristic temperatures were obtained: melting temperatures of alkanes and alcohols, boiling and flash temperatures in homologous series, autoignition and melting temperatures (flash, boiling). This correlation is explained by the fact that supramolecular structures are formed according to a similar principle in matter different states and during the combustion initiation. Such structures modeling for the solid, liquid state, and solubility in water was carried out, taking into account different coordination numbers, globulation, and changes in the clustering place according to the molecule length. On the such modeling basis and the "melting ease" indicator, dependencies have been developed for calculation with the dependencies nonlinearities reflection of alkanes and alcohols density and melting temperature. For the boiling and flash point, vaporization heat of alcohols, the deviation from linearity is taken into account by the cluster length reduction parameter. It is shown that the considered dependencies modulation by the cluster length allows to describe their anomalies and increases the calculation convergence.

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Silicophosphate fireproof coatings for building materials

Lysak Nataliia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-4704

Skorodumova Olga

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

Chernukha Anton

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3205

Goncharenko Yana

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-3244

Melezhуk Roman

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-4147

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-19

Keywords: fire-resistant coatings, building materials, liquid glass, SiO2 sol, phosphate buffer solution, fire resistance

Аnnotation

The composition of silicophosphate fire-resistant coatings for wooden building structures was developed and their properties were investigated. Fireproof compositions were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of liquid glass and acetic acid. As a phosphate-containing additive, phosphate buffer solutions were used, which were added to the silicic acid sol in different amounts and with different ratios of the components of the buffer pair. Adjusting the ratio of the components of the buffer solution led to a change in the pH of the buffer solutions, but adding them to the sol did not change its acidity, which was in the pH range of 5.5–6. The effect of the content and ratio of the components of the buffer pair on the change in the optical density of the obtained sols over time was studied. The highest durability of the flame retardant composition was recorded when using a buffer solution with a pH of 7 at a content of 20 %. The embedding of phosphate ions into the siloxane framework of experimental gels has been chemically proven, which increases their fire resistance. It is shown that the amount of free phosphate anion in the intermicellar liquid of the experimental gels is less than 5 %. The mechanism of the strengthening effect of the acetate buffer solution, which is formed during the mixing of the liquid glass solution with acetic acid, on the phosphate buffer solution is proposed. Fire-retardant compositions were applied to wood samples by the bath method and dried at temperatures of 80–100 ℃ in a drying cabinet. The fire protection effect of coatings was determined during fire tests in a ceramic pipe. The effect of the content of phosphate buffer solution on the fire-retardant properties of experimental coatings was studied. It is shown that increasing the content of the phosphate buffer solution reduces mass loss during fire tests, allows to increase the fire resistance of wood and transfer it to the group of "highly flammable".

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