Study of the influence of crystal hydrates on the fire extinguishing properties of binary layers of porous materials

 

Viktoriya Makarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-1159

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-12

 

Keywords: flammable liquids, binary fireextinguishing system, perlite, vermiculite, foamglass, crystalhydrates

 

Аnnotation

The effect of crystal hydrates on the extinguishing of flammable liquids using binary layers of light porous materials was studied. Na2HPO4·12H2O was selected as a crystal hydrate that exhibits high cooling capacity, great phlegmatizing effect, acceptable melting temperatures and contains combustion inhibitor ions. Three ways of introducing sodium hydrogen phosphate into the composition of the fire-extinguishing system are proposed: pouring Na2HPO4·12H2O crystalline hydrate in a powdery state on the top layer of a binary fire-extinguishing system based on loose materials; introduction of sodium hydrogen phosphate by impregnation of loose material with its saturated aqueous solution; introduction of Na2HPO4·12H2Ointo the fire extinguishing system by covering the loose material with a thin layer of crystalline sodium hydrogen phosphate. Crushed foam glass is used as the bottom layer, which ensures the buoyancy of the system. The use of expanded perlite with a granule size of 1,2±0,2 mm and plate vermiculite with a plate size of 1×2 and 2×5 mm is justified as the top layer with increased insulating properties. On the basis of experimental studies of the influence of sodium hydrogen phosphate on the fire-extinguishing characteristics of binary layers of light porous materials, it was established that the best results were shown by perlite (0,35 cm) soaked in a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen phosphate and vermiculites soaked in the same solution (0,3 cm and 0,5 cm, respectively). Visual observation of the upper layers of the loose material after the quenching process does not indicate significant filling of the cavities between the granules in the loose material with crystal hydrate. This allows us to conclude that the introduction of crystal hydrate into a two-layer fire extinguishing system does not lead to a significant increase in the insulating properties of such systems. Based on this, it was concluded that the introduction of sodium hydrogen phosphate into the composition of the fire extinguishing system leads to a significant inhibition of the process of burning gasoline.

 

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Efficiency of technical means of notifying aircraft passengers in emergency situations

 

Serhii Rudakov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-0476

 

Oleg Kulakov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

 

Oksana Myrgorod

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-3435

 

Olena Petukhova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-1255

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-11

 

Keywords: emergency situation, expert, assessment, complex of means of informing passengers, coefficient of competence, coefficient of assessment

 

Аnnotation

 

An expert method of researching the effectiveness of a complex of technical means of informing passenger aircraft in the event of an emergency situation in high-altitude flight conditions is proposed. An improved generalized model of the effectiveness of the application of individual and collective technical means of informing passengers and crew members in the event of an emergency situation, which is described by appropriate features, the composition of which is determined by a group of experts – highly qualified specialists in the aviation industry. The determination of such features for the object of selection by the expert method solves the task of finding weighted coefficients by ranking the relevant coefficients and comparing them with each other. An assessment of the effectiveness of a set of scientifically based technical solutions for informing passengers of aircraft in the event of an emergency has been carried out. Such assessment was carried out by highly qualified experts in the field of air transportation. The results of expert decisions were processed using mathematical methods. Research results are obtained with the help of instrumental measurements, for which standardized methods of processing measurement results are established. The results of the collective examination of the effectiveness of the use of technical means of informing passengers were obtained using the method of ranking the weighted coefficients of the quantitative rating scale. The results of the research were obtained by calculating quantitative estimates of the significance of the source information, which corresponds to the combination of sources of argumentation, taking into account their influence on the opinion of the expert. Quantitative values of qualification assessments corresponding to different levels of expert awareness were also proposed. The results of an expert survey of a group of specialists in the field of aviation safety regarding the effectiveness of the use of technical means of individual and collective informing of aircraft passengers in emergency situations of high-altitude flight are presented. This made it possible to determine the effectiveness and priority of the use of these technical means in the event of an emergency and to save the lives of many aircraft passengers.

 

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Fire resistance of fireproof reinforced concrete structures to increase the fire safety level of facilities

 

Yuriy Otrosh

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0698-2888

 

Andriy Kovalov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-7558

 

Roman Purdenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6467-4133

 

Nina Rashkevich

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-6068

 

Roman Maiboroda

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-2959

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-9

 

Keywords: fire resistance, fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures, fire resistance assessment, numerical modeling, fire protection, fire-resistant coating, LIRA-SAPR

 

Аnnotation

A structural and logical scheme was developed, which describes the provision of fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures based on the proposed mathematical model and the calculation-experimental method of evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures. A mathematical model for evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures was developed, which consists of the following stages: selection of the formalization apparatus, construction of the external description, verification of the model's operability, construction of the internal state, verification of operability, and identification of parameters. Initial and boundary conditions were formulated during the construction of the specified models, which allow predicting the fire resistance of the fire-resistant reinforced concrete structure with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations. A computer model of the stress-strain state of a fire-resistant multi-hollow reinforced concrete floor was developed in the "LIRA-SAPR" software in order to increase the level of fire safety of buildings and structures. A static calculation of the fire-resistant reinforced concrete multi-hollow floor slab was carried out, as a result of which the stress-deformed state of the floor was obtained under the combined action of force and temperature loads. The results of numerical modeling were compared with the results of an experimental study of fire resistance. The accuracy of the developed computer model for evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures was checked. Non-linear laws of deformation of the model materials were established, namely: exponential and piecewise linear, which take into account the modulus of elasticity of concrete, the coefficient of linear thermal deformation of concrete, the ultimate relative deformation of concrete, which allow with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations (up to 5 %) to estimate the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures.

 

References

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Accounting of semi-transparent obstacles in the model of working zone of the rtls-system of the emergency area

 

Оlexander Zakora

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9042-6838

 

Andrew Feshchenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-6428

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-10

 

Keywords: RTLS-system, local positioning, translucent barrier, geometric factor, propagation of radio waves

 

Аnnotation

A mathematical model of the main types of translucent barriers of the differential-range-measurement system of local positioning has been developed, which allows for real-time forecasting of the working area of the system in the vicinity of an emergency situation. The characteristics of translucent barriers, which determine the quality of positioning and the accuracy characteristics of the system, are taken into account. To simplify the modeling, a number of assumptions are made regarding the parameters of the obstacles and the conditions of radio wave propagation, which make it possible to simplify the forecasting process. On the basis of the conducted research, classification and methods of mathematical description of the main types of barriers are proposed, which is proposed to be used as the basis of a mathematical forecasting model. On the basis of this classification, calculation algorithms and a program for operational forecasting of the working zone of local positioning have been developed, which allows taking into account the influence of the number of obstacles, the geometry of their location, and the properties of the radio wave propagation path on the shape of the working zone. In the modeling process, both geometric and general physical regularities of the formation of the field of radio navigation support are taken into account. A study of the operation of the modeling system in the presence of several radio beacons, with the presence of several construction barriers of different shapes and with different properties within the working area, was conducted. The developed mathematical model allows for the calculation of positioning zones with the determination of the limit conditions of reliability and accuracy of navigation support for rescuers. Taking into account the process of forecasting the impact of the shape and properties of obstacles in the emergency zone on the type and size of the working zone of the positioning system allows the head of emergency response works to make a justified management decision, ensure safe working conditions for rescuers and optimize the organization of work for the fastest emergency response.

 

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Improvement constructions cylinders of breathing apparatuses on compressed air

 

Vitaliy Sobyna

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-6908-8037

 

Dmutro Taraduda

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-0058

 

Mukhaylo Dement

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4975-384Х

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-8

 

Keywords: breathing apparatuses on compressed air, cylinder, polymer-composite material, liner

 

Аnnotation

A study was conducted to increase the reliability, durability, and weight reduction of cylinders for compressed air breathing apparatus of rescue service units. The design of composite cylinders with high-pressure air with improved characteristics, such as strength, permeability and ensuring hygienic standards, was developed, and with the aim of further verification of the proposed design, calculations were carried out, on the basis of which the possibility and feasibility of manufacturing high-pressure cylinders from mineral fiber in combination was confirmed with a binder, which is characterized by a relatively low cost and manufacturability when produced by traditional methods. The research was carried out with the aim of: developing a balloon design of high mass perfection and cost less than a similar metal-plastic balloon; ensuring the necessary carrying capacity of cylinders; determination of air permeability through the liner wall; determination of the type and amount of organic compounds released from the ma-terial of the liners during the storage of the cylinder filled with air. As a result of the research, it was established that: a cylinder with a liner with a wall thickness of 2.2 mm will lose its tightness after 45 days of exposure at a working pressure of 30 MPa due to a poorly made press mold, thinning of the liner in this place to 1.3 mm; a cylinder with a liner with a wall thickness of 4 mm at an operating pressure of 30 MPa, when observed for 135 days, will lose only 30 g in weight. A study of the hygienic characteristics of the cylinders showed that after exposure for 30 days at a temperature of 20 ˚C at an operating pressure of 30 MPa, in the air environment of the cylinders organic substances belonging to the class of aliphatic alcohols were found. Research proves the high efficiency of the use of composite-polymer cylinders for the purpose of preventing emer-gency situations at the facilities where they are operated, which confirms their usefulness and im-portance.                                                                                             

 

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