Integrated assessment of the environmental state of the Dnipro reservoir

Vitalii Bezsonnyi

Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8089-7724

Roman Ponomarenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-3108

Oleg Tretyakov

Національний авіаційний університет

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0457-9553

Yevhen Ivanov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-6781-9238

Pavlo Borodych

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9933-8498

Tetyana Lutsenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4548

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-16

Keywords: ecological safety of surface waters, integrated water quality indicator, complex water quality index

Аnnotation

The choice of a priority indicator of surface water quality for an integral assessment of the ecological state of the Dnieper reservoir is substantiated. The procedure for obtaining a combinatorial index of water pollution was used, the long-term dynamics of the main pollutants of the Dnieper reservoir was analyzed. The calculation of the value of the combinatorial index of water pollution and the relative assessment of the ecological state of surface waters were carried out in two stages: first, for each individual test substance and an indicator of the ecological state of surface waters, then the whole complex of pollutants was considered simultaneously and the resulting assessment was derived. This is done to minimize costs and efforts when monitoring surface waters under normal (non-emergency) conditions. As a result of research, it was established that the quality of water downstream has higher values of the combinatorial index of water pollution, due to the significant anthropogenic impact on the water body. A correlation between the complex index of water pollution and the indicator of biochemical oxygen consumption has been established. The priority indicator for the integral assessment of the ecological state of the water body – BSC₅ due to the close relationship with the value of the complex index of water pollution is determined. The correlation coefficient between these values ranges from 0,92 to 0,96. The relationship that exists between the value of the combinatorial index of water pollution and the value of biochemical oxygen consumption makes the indicator of biochemical oxygen consumption important for the integral assessment of water pollution by various organic substances. Therefore, as a priority indicator for characterizing the state of the watercourse and conducting operational monitoring, the indicators of oxygen characteristics are selected. This data is useful and important because it will allow for more optimal use of limited resources when monitoring surface waters and improve river basin management.

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The influence of tire defects on traffic safety emergency rescue car

Volodumur Kokhanenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-5239

Serhii Rahimov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-3348

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-14

Keywords: emergency rescue vehicle, pneumatic tire, temperature distribution, defects, reliability, safety

Аnnotation

Modern emergency and rescue vehicles, like all others, are equipped with tires of radial design with a metal cord in the breaker. It was determined that the number of premature and unpredictable exits of such tires from operation due to the destruction of the shoulder zone and delamination in the breaker has increased. Since emergency and rescue vehicles are constantly in operational readiness (they are loaded with fire-extinguishing substances, special tools and equipment during the entire period of operation), and when called, they move at maximum speed, their tires are also in extreme operation mode. Emergency and rescue vehicles are equipped with serial tires. But, firstly, emergency rescue vehicles significantly exceed the limits of operating modes, and secondly, in the course of time, they do not reach the standard tire mileage. So, on the outside, the tires have a fairly deep tread pattern, but inside they have accumulated many defects, which leads to their premature retirement, which is unacceptable. In order to realize the resource of the tread before complete wear and increase the reliability of operation of tires of emergency and rescue vehicles, it is necessary to determine the reasons for the premature retirement of tires. When investigating the causes of tire failure, it was established that the presence of defects, both internal and external, worsens heat dissipation from the frame and from all layers of the tire. These phenomena lead to the unexpected sudden exit of tires from operation. Reasoned proposals for the design of emergency and rescue vehicle tires. On the basis of research, it is proposed to equip emergency rescue vehicles with tires of a special design, which is provided in the work. The obtained data will increase the reliability and safety of the movement of emergency and rescue vehicles when following them to the place of the call.

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Development of protective wear resistant transparent glass-ceramic coating for porcelain tiles

Oksana Savvova

O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economyin Kharkiv

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-2274

Yana Pokroeva

O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economyin Kharkiv

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-7436

Gennadiy Voronov

O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economyin Kharkiv

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-8608

Oleksiy Fesenko

O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economyin Kharkiv

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-9493

Olena Khrystych

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-1492

Viktoriya Deyneka

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7092

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-15

Keywords: porcelain stoneware tiles, glass-crystalline coating, structure, wear resistance, transparency, corundum, anorthite

Аnnotation

A protective wear-resistant transparent glass-ceramic coating has been developed for porcelain stoneware tiles using domestic raw materials under high-speed firing conditions. Achievement of high wear resistance, mechanical strength and transparency of glass-ceramic coatings was realized due to the provision of a high-strength structure of glass material with the formation of nanosized and submicron crystals transparent in the visible part of the spectrum in the bulk of the material and micro-sized crystals with high hardness on the coating surface during crystallization of the amorphous phase of a certain chemical composition. The presence in the composition of the main components, wt. %: SiO₂–51,9; Al₂O₃ 20,1; CaO–12,6 and ZnO and CeO₂as crystallization catalysts in a total amount of 4,0 wt. % allows in the near-surface layers of the coating with a roughness of ≈3 μm to form a crystalline phase −α-corundum in order to ensure wear resistance and easy-cleaning effect, as well as to ensure the crystallization of anorthite in the volume of the coating with a crystal size of <0,4 μm for the formation of a high-strength transparent structure. The formation of a sitalized structure of a glass-ceramic coating with a silky surface texture ensures high performance properties (EN ISO 10545): water absorption 0.07 %; ultimate bending strength, 58.97 N/mm²; wear resistance grade 4 (2100 revolutions), thermal resistance (T = 20–150–20 ºС) 10 cycles; resistance to cracking (T = 160 ºC, P = 500 kPa, 2 hours) more than two cycles; frost resistance (from 25 to –5 ºC) more than 100 cycles; chemical resistance classes GLA, GHA, GA; stain resistance class 5; sliding friction, PTV for dry surfaces − 59; for a damp surface − 29. The industrial production of ceramic granite tiles with a wear-resistant transparent glass-crystalline coating at PJSC "KhPZ" makes it possible to bring modern domestic manufacturers of ceramic products to a new competitive level.

References

1. Casasola, R., Rincon, J., Mа., Romero, M. (2012). Glass-ceramics glazes for ceramic tiles – a review. Journal of Material Science, 47, 553–582. doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-5981-y
2. Barrachina, E., Esquinas, M., Llop, J., Notari, M. D., Carda, J. B. (2018). Development of a glass-ceramic glaze formulated from industrial residues to improve the mechanical properties of the porcelain stoneware tiles. Materials Letters, 220, 226– doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.03.023
3. He, M., Lu, H., Yu, X., Xu, H., Zhang, L., Fan, B., Wang, H. Zhang, R. (2011). Sintering and crystallization behaviour of nanostructured glass-ceramic glazes derived from industrial solid wastes. European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A, 52(5), 169–174. Retrieved from: https://www.ingentaconnect.com
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5. Shimanskaya, A., Levitskii, I. A. (2017). Formation particularities of titanium-containing glaze coatings for floor tiles. Glass and Ceramics, 73(3), 94–99. doi: 10.1007/s10717-016-9833-8
6. Kuchumova, I., Cherkasova, N. Yu., Batraev, I. S., Shikalov, V. S., Ukhina, A. V., Koga, G. Y., Jorge, A. M. (2022). Wear-Resistant Fe-Based Metallic Glass-Al₂O₃ Composite Coatings Produced by Detonation Spraying. J Therm Spray Tech, 31, 1355–1365. doi: 10.1007/s11666-021-01299-4
7. Yu, Y., Su, H., Guan, K., Penga, C., Wu, J. (2019). Compound reinforcement of glaze wear resistance by prestress and second grain phase.RSC Advances, 9(43), 24951– doi: 10.1039/C9RA04279B
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Study of the influence of building material on the structure of buildings on the development of internal fire

Dmytro Dubinin

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-5240

Andrii Lisniak

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5526-1513

Serhii Shevchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-9252

Yevhen Kryvoruchko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-9593

Yuri Gaponenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0854-5710

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-13

Keywords: internal fire, temperature, time of thermal penetration, coefficient of thermal conductivity, rate of energy release

Аnnotation

Researches of influence of building material of a design of a building on development of an internal fire are carried out. Brick was used as a building material in the first variant, concrete in the second variant, aerated concrete in the third variant, and expanded clay concrete in the fourth variant. Taking into account the proposed method and conditions of internal fire development, graphical dependences of thermal conductivity coefficient and fire development time are constructed, according to which it is established that when using concrete as a building material – maximum thermal conductivity coefficient – 0,0823 W/(m²·K) for 5 min internal fire, and 0.0412 W/(m²·K) for 20 min, and from aerated concrete minimum – 0,0153 W/(m²·K) for 5 min and 0.0076 W/(m²·K) for 20 min. At the same time, the time of thermal penetration through the wall according to the first option is 81,15 minutes, according to the second option – 70,0 minutes, the third option – 148,8 minutes, the fourth option – 80,0 minutes. There are also graphical dependences on the increase in wall temperature on the rate of energy release in four variants during the development of internal fire for 5 minutes and 20 minutes. It is established that the minimum value of the temperature of the concrete wall, depending on the rate of energy release for 5 minutes of fire development is about 208 ºC, and for 20 minutes – 260 ºC. The maximum value of the temperature of the wall of aerated concrete and expanded clay concrete for 5 minutes of fire development is about 350 ºC, and for 20 minutes – 440 ºC. The results of the research allow to increase the level of operational readiness of the personnel of fire and rescue units during the operational actions to extinguish internal fires, as well as in determining the fire hazard of building materials.

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